Reservations entered by Parties

Reservations in effect from 30 June 2022

Info	Species	Country	Valid from
Appendix I
Kingdom Fauna (Animals)
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia (MAMMALS)
Order Carnivora
Family Canidae Dogs, foxes, wolves
	Canis lupus ( Only the populations of Bhutan, India, Nepal and Pakistan; all other populations are included in Appendix II. Excludes the domesticated form and the dingo which are referenced as Canis lupus familiaris and Canis lupus dingo, respectively, which are not subject to the provisions of the Convention )	North Macedonia	02 October 2000
Family Felidae Cats
	Acinonyx jubatus	Namibia	18 March 1991
Order Cetacea Dolphins, porpoises, whales
Family Balaenopteridae Fin whales, humpback whales, rorquals
	Balaenoptera acutorostrata (except the population of West Greenland, which is included in Appendix II)	Iceland	02 April 2000
	Balaenoptera acutorostrata (except the population of West Greenland, which is included in Appendix II)	Japan	01 January 1986
	Balaenoptera acutorostrata (except the population of West Greenland, which is included in Appendix II)	Norway	01 January 1986
	Balaenoptera acutorostrata (except the population of West Greenland, which is included in Appendix II)	Palau	15 July 2004
	Balaenoptera bonaerensis	Iceland	02 April 2000
	Balaenoptera bonaerensis	Japan	01 January 1986
	Balaenoptera bonaerensis	Norway	01 January 1986
	Balaenoptera borealis	Iceland	02 April 2000
	Balaenoptera borealis {[reservation not applicable to populations: a) in North Pacific; and b) in areas from 0 to 70 degrees east longitude and from the equator to the Antarctic Continent]}	Japan	06 June 1981
	Balaenoptera borealis {[reservation not applicable to populations: a) in North Pacific; and b) in areas from 0 to 70 degrees east longitude and from the equator to the Antarctic Continent]}	Norway	06 June 1981
	Balaenoptera edeni	Japan	29 July 1983
	Balaenoptera musculus	Iceland	02 April 2000
	Balaenoptera omurai	Japan	29 July 1983
	Balaenoptera physalus	Iceland	02 April 2000
	Balaenoptera physalus	Japan	06 June 1981
	Balaenoptera physalus {[reservation applicable to populations: a) in North Atlantic off Iceland; b) in North Atlantic off Newfoundland; and c) in areas from 40 degrees south latitude to the Antarctic Continent and from 120 to 60 degrees west longitude]}	Norway	06 June 1981
	Megaptera novaeangliae	Iceland	02 April 2000
	Megaptera novaeangliae	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	28 February 1989
Family Delphinidae Dolphins
	Orcaella brevirostris	Japan	12 January 2005
	Orcaella heinsohni	Japan	12 January 2005
Family Physeteridae Sperm whales
	Physeter macrocephalus	Iceland	02 April 2000
	Physeter macrocephalus	Japan	06 June 1981
	Physeter macrocephalus	Norway	06 June 1981
	Physeter macrocephalus	Palau	15 July 2004
Family Ziphiidae Beaked whales, bottle-nosed whales
	Berardius bairdii	Japan	29 July 1983
	Hyperoodon ampullatus	Iceland	02 April 2000
Order Chiroptera
Family Pteropodidae Fruit bats, flying foxes
	Pteropus loochoensis	Palau	15 July 2004
	Pteropus mariannus	Palau	15 July 2004
	Pteropus pelewensis	Palau	15 July 2004
	Pteropus pilosus	Palau	15 July 2004
	Pteropus ualanus	Palau	15 July 2004
	Pteropus yapensis	Palau	15 July 2004
Order Sirenia
Family Dugongidae Dugong
	Dugong dugon	Palau	15 July 2004
Class Aves
Order Columbiformes
Family Columbidae Doves, pigeons
	Caloenas nicobarica	Palau	15 July 2004
Order Falconiformes Eagles, falcons, hawks, vultures
Family Accipitridae Hawks, eagles
	Aquila adalberti	Saudi Arabia	10 June 1996
	Aquila heliaca	Saudi Arabia	10 June 1996
	Chondrohierax uncinatus wilsonii	Saudi Arabia	10 June 1996
	Harpia harpyja	Saudi Arabia	10 June 1996
	Pithecophaga jefferyi	Saudi Arabia	10 June 1996
Family Cathartidae New-world vultures
	Gymnogyps californianus	Saudi Arabia	10 June 1996
	Vultur gryphus	Saudi Arabia	10 June 1996
Family Falconidae Falcons
	Falco araeus	Saudi Arabia	10 June 1996
	Falco jugger	Saudi Arabia	10 June 1996
	Falco newtoni (only the population of Seychelles)	Saudi Arabia	10 June 1996
	Falco pelegrinoides	Saudi Arabia	10 June 1996
	Falco peregrinus	Palau	15 July 2004
	Falco peregrinus	Saudi Arabia	10 June 1996
	Falco punctatus	Saudi Arabia	10 June 1996
	Falco rusticolus	Saudi Arabia	10 June 1996
Order Psittaciformes
Family Psittacidae Amazons, macaws, parakeets, parrots
	Amazona auropalliata	Philippines	13 February 2003
	Amazona oratrix	Philippines	13 February 2003
	Ara macao	Suriname	01 August 1985
	Primolius couloni	Philippines	13 February 2003
	Psittacus erithacus	Democratic Republic of the Congo	02 January 2017
	Psittacus erithacus	Saudi Arabia	02 January 2017
	Psittacus erithacus	United Arab Emirates	02 January 2017
Class Reptilia
Order Crocodylia Alligators, caimans, crocodiles
Family Crocodylidae Crocodiles
	Crocodylus porosus { Except the populations of Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia [wild harvest restricted to the State of Sarawak and a zero quota for wild specimens for the other States of Malaysia (Sabah and Peninsular Malaysia), with no change in the zero quota unless approved by the Parties] and Papua New Guinea, which are included in Appendix II }	Palau	15 July 2004
Order Testudines
Family Cheloniidae Sea turtles
	Chelonia mydas	Cuba	19 July 1990
	Chelonia mydas	Palau	15 July 2004
	Chelonia mydas (reservation not applicable to the Australian population)	Suriname	15 February 1981
	Eretmochelys imbricata	Cuba	19 July 1990
	Eretmochelys imbricata	Palau	15 July 2004
	Eretmochelys imbricata	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	28 February 1989
Family Dermochelyidae Leatherback turtles
	Dermochelys coriacea	Suriname	15 February 1981
Family Testudinidae Tortoises
	Geochelone elegans	Thailand	26 November 2019 (Valid until 25 November 2022)
Appendix II
Class Mammalia (MAMMALS)
Order Artiodactyla
Family Giraffidae Giraffes
	Giraffa camelopardalis	Botswana	26 November 2019
	Giraffa camelopardalis	Democratic Republic of the Congo	26 November 2019
	Giraffa camelopardalis	Eswatini	26 November 2019
	Giraffa camelopardalis	Namibia	26 November 2019
	Giraffa camelopardalis	South Africa	26 November 2019
	Giraffa camelopardalis	United Republic of Tanzania	26 November 2019
	Giraffa camelopardalis	Zambia	26 November 2019
	Giraffa camelopardalis	Zimbabwe	26 November 2019
Order Carnivora
Family Canidae Dogs, foxes, wolves
	Canis lupus (Except the populations of Bhutan, India, Nepal and Pakistan, which are included in Appendix I. Excludes the domesticated form and the dingo which are referenced as Canis lupus familiaris and Canis lupus dingo, respectively, which are not subject to the provisions of the Convention)	North Macedonia	02 October 2000
Order Cetacea Dolphins, porpoises, whales
Family Balaenopteridae Fin whales, humpback whales, rorquals
	Balaenoptera acutorostrata (population of West Greenland)	Iceland	02 April 2000
Family Delphinidae Dolphins
	Delphinus capensis	Iceland	02 April 2000
	Delphinus delphis	Iceland	02 April 2000
	Globicephala melas	Iceland	02 April 2000
	Lagenorhynchus acutus	Iceland	02 April 2000
	Lagenorhynchus albirostris	Iceland	02 April 2000
	Orcinus orca	Iceland	02 April 2000
	Tursiops aduncus	Iceland	02 April 2000
	Tursiops truncatus (A zero annual export quota has been established for live specimens from the Black Sea population of Tursiops truncatus removed from the wild and traded for primarily commercial purposes)	Iceland	02 April 2000
Family Phocoenidae Porpoises
	Phocoena phocoena	Iceland	02 April 2000
Order Primates Apes, monkeys
Family Cercopithecidae Old-world monkeys
	Macaca fascicularis	Palau	15 July 2004
Class Aves
Order Falconiformes Eagles, falcons, hawks, vultures
Family Accipitridae Hawks, eagles
	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	Saudi Arabia	10 June 1996
Order Psittaciformes
Family Cacatuidae Cockatoos
	Eolophus roseicapilla	Liechtenstein	06 June 1981
	Eolophus roseicapilla	Switzerland	06 June 1981
Family Psittacidae Amazons, macaws, parakeets, parrots
	Agapornis spp.	Liechtenstein	06 June 1981
	Agapornis spp.	Switzerland	06 June 1981
	Amazona aestiva	Liechtenstein	06 June 1981
	Amazona aestiva	Switzerland	06 June 1981
	Myiopsitta monachus	Liechtenstein	06 June 1981
	Myiopsitta monachus	Switzerland	06 June 1981
Order Strigiformes Owls
Family Strigidae Owls
	Pyrroglaux podargina	Palau	15 July 2004
Class Reptilia
Order Sauria
Family Gekkonidae Geckos
	Gekko gecko	Thailand	26 November 2019 (Valid until 25 November 2025)
Family Lacertidae Lizards
	Podarcis lilfordi	Liechtenstein	22 October 1987
	Podarcis lilfordi	Switzerland	22 October 1987
	Podarcis pityusensis	Liechtenstein	22 October 1987
	Podarcis pityusensis	Switzerland	22 October 1987
Family Varanidae Monitor lizards
	Varanus indicus	Palau	15 July 2004
	Varanus rainerguentheri	Palau	15 July 2004
Order Serpentes
Family Boidae Boas
	Candoia carinata	Palau	15 July 2004
Class Elasmobranchii (SHARKS)
Order Carcharhiniformes
Family Carcharhinidae Requiem sharks
	Carcharhinus falciformis	Japan	04 October 2017
	Carcharhinus longimanus	Guyana	12 June 2013
	Carcharhinus longimanus	Japan	12 June 2013
Family Sphyrnidae Hammerhead sharks
	Sphyrna lewini	Guyana	12 June 2013
	Sphyrna lewini	Japan	12 June 2013
	Sphyrna lewini	Yemen	12 June 2013
	Sphyrna mokarran	Guyana	12 June 2013
	Sphyrna mokarran	Japan	12 June 2013
	Sphyrna mokarran	Yemen	12 June 2013
	Sphyrna zygaena	Guyana	12 June 2013
	Sphyrna zygaena	Japan	12 June 2013
	Sphyrna zygaena	Yemen	12 June 2013
Order Lamniformes
Family Alopiidae Thresher sharks
	Alopias spp.	Japan	04 October 2017
Family Cetorhinidae Basking sharks
	Cetorhinus maximus	Iceland	13 February 2003
	Cetorhinus maximus	Indonesia	13 February 2003
	Cetorhinus maximus	Japan	13 February 2003
	Cetorhinus maximus	Norway	13 February 2003
	Cetorhinus maximus	Republic of Korea	13 February 2003
Family Lamnidae Mackerel sharks
	Carcharodon carcharias	Iceland	12 January 2005
	Carcharodon carcharias	Japan	12 January 2005
	Carcharodon carcharias	Norway	12 January 2005
	Isurus oxyrinchus	Botswana	26 November 2019
	Isurus oxyrinchus	Democratic Republic of the Congo	26 November 2019
	Isurus oxyrinchus	Eswatini	26 November 2019
	Isurus oxyrinchus	Japan	26 November 2019
	Isurus oxyrinchus	Namibia	26 November 2019
	Isurus oxyrinchus	Norway	26 November 2019
	Isurus oxyrinchus	South Africa	26 November 2019
	Isurus oxyrinchus	United Republic of Tanzania	26 November 2019
	Isurus oxyrinchus	Zambia	26 November 2019
	Isurus oxyrinchus	Zimbabwe	26 November 2019
	Isurus paucus	Botswana	26 November 2019
	Isurus paucus	Democratic Republic of the Congo	26 November 2019
	Isurus paucus	Eswatini	26 November 2019
	Isurus paucus	Japan	26 November 2019
	Isurus paucus	Namibia	26 November 2019
	Isurus paucus	Norway	26 November 2019
	Isurus paucus	South Africa	26 November 2019
	Isurus paucus	United Republic of Tanzania	26 November 2019
	Isurus paucus	Zambia	26 November 2019
	Isurus paucus	Zimbabwe	26 November 2019
	Lamna nasus ( with regard to the application of the Convention to Greenland )	Denmark	12 June 2013
	Lamna nasus	Guyana	12 June 2013
	Lamna nasus	Iceland	12 June 2013
	Lamna nasus	Japan	12 June 2013
Order Myliobatiformes
Family Myliobatidae Eagle and mobulid rays
	Manta spp.	Guyana	12 June 2013
Order Orectolobiformes
Family Rhincodontidae Whale sharks
	Rhincodon typus	Iceland	13 February 2003
	Rhincodon typus	Indonesia	13 February 2003
	Rhincodon typus	Japan	13 February 2003
	Rhincodon typus	Norway	13 February 2003
	Rhincodon typus	Republic of Korea	13 February 2003
Class Actinopteri (FISHES)
Order Syngnathiformes
Family Syngnathidae Pipefishes, seahorses
	Hippocampus spp.	Indonesia	15 May 2004
	Hippocampus spp.	Japan	15 May 2004
	Hippocampus spp.	Norway	15 May 2004
	Hippocampus spp.	Republic of Korea	15 May 2004
	Hippocampus denise	Palau	15 July 2004
	Hippocampus kuda	Palau	15 July 2004
Phylum Echinodermata
Class Holothuroidea (SEA CUCUMBERS)
Order Holothuriida
Family Holothuriidae Teatfishes, Sea cucumbers
	Holothuria fuscogilva	Japan	26 November 2019
Phylum Mollusca
Class Bivalvia (CLAMS AND MUSSELS)
Order Veneroida
Family Tridacnidae Giant clams
	Hippopus hippopus	Palau	15 July 2004
	Hippopus porcellanus	Palau	15 July 2004
	Tridacna crocea	Palau	15 July 2004
	Tridacna derasa	Palau	15 July 2004
	Tridacna gigas	Palau	15 July 2004
	Tridacna maxima	Palau	15 July 2004
	Tridacna squamosa	Palau	15 July 2004
Kingdom FLORA (Plants)
Family Apocynaceae Cactaceae
	Hoodia spp. ^#9	Switzerland	12 January 2005
Family Asparagaceae Includes ponytail palms
	Beaucarnea spp.	Switzerland	02 January 2017
Family Cyatheaceae Tree-ferns
	Cyathea lunulata ^#4	Palau	15 July 2004
	Cyathea nigricans ^#4	Palau	15 July 2004
Family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Afrormosia, cristobal, palisander, rosewood, sandalwood
	Dalbergia spp. ^#15 (except for the species listed in Appendix I)	India	02 January 2017
Family Nepenthaceae Pitcher-plants (Old World)
	Nepenthes mirabilis ^#4	Palau	15 July 2004
Family Thymelaeaceae (Aquilariaceae) Agarwood, ramin
	Aquilaria spp. ^#14 (reservation not applicable to Aquilaria malaccensis)	Kuwait	12 January 2005
	Aquilaria spp. ^#14 (reservation not applicable to Aquilaria malaccensis)	Qatar	12 January 2005
	Aquilaria spp. ^#14 (reservation not applicable to Aquilaria malaccensis)	Syrian Arab Republic	12 January 2005
	Aquilaria spp. ^#14 (reservation not applicable to Aquilaria malaccensis)	United Arab Emirates	12 January 2005
	Gyrinops spp. ^#14	Kuwait	12 January 2005
	Gyrinops spp. ^#14	Qatar	12 January 2005
	Gyrinops spp. ^#14	Syrian Arab Republic	12 January 2005
	Gyrinops spp. ^#14	United Arab Emirates	12 January 2005
Appendix III
Kingdom Fauna (Animals)
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia (MAMMALS)
Order Carnivora
Family Canidae Dogs, foxes, wolves
	Canis aureus	Liechtenstein	21 March 1989
	Canis aureus	Switzerland	21 March 1989
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Austria	02 February 2004
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Belgium	19 January 2001
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Czech Republic	05 August 2004
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Denmark	08 November 2000
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Estonia	23 November 2010
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Finland	15 November 2000
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	France	22 February 1990
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Germany	16 March 1989
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Greece	25 May 2001
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Hungary	04 December 2012
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Ireland	31 October 2002
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Italy	16 March 1989
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Latvia	19 September 2011
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Liechtenstein	21 March 1989
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Luxembourg	30 March 1989
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Malta	14 January 2011
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Netherlands	29 June 1989
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	North Macedonia	02 October 2000
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Poland	04 October 2013
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Portugal	28 July 1989
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Slovakia	26 May 2004
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Spain	24 May 1989
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	Switzerland	21 March 1989
	Vulpes vulpes griffithi	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	17 May 1989
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Austria	02 February 2004
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Belgium	19 January 2001
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Czech Republic	05 August 2004
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Denmark	08 November 2000
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Estonia	23 November 2010
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Finland	15 November 2000
	Vulpes vulpes montana	France	22 February 1990
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Germany	16 March 1989
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Greece	25 May 2001
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Hungary	04 December 2012
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Ireland	31 October 2002
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Italy	16 March 1989
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Latvia	19 September 2011
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Liechtenstein	21 March 1989
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Luxembourg	30 March 1989
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Malta	14 January 2011
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Netherlands	29 June 1989
	Vulpes vulpes montana	North Macedonia	02 October 2000
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Poland	04 October 2013
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Portugal	28 July 1989
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Slovakia	26 May 2004
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Spain	24 May 1989
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Sweden	06 June 1997
	Vulpes vulpes montana	Switzerland	21 March 1989
	Vulpes vulpes montana	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	17 May 1989
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Austria	02 February 2004
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Belgium	19 January 2001
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Czech Republic	05 August 2004
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Denmark	08 November 2000
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Estonia	23 November 2010
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Finland	15 November 2000
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	France	22 February 1990
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Germany	16 March 1989
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Greece	25 May 2001
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Hungary	04 December 2012
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Ireland	31 October 2002
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Italy	16 March 1989
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Latvia	19 September 2011
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Liechtenstein	21 March 1989
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Luxembourg	30 March 1989
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Malta	14 January 2011
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Netherlands	29 June 1989
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	North Macedonia	02 October 2000
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Poland	04 October 2013
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Portugal	28 July 1989
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Slovakia	26 May 2004
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Spain	24 May 1989
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Sweden	06 June 1997
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	Switzerland	21 March 1989
	Vulpes vulpes pusilla	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	17 May 1989
Family Mustelidae Badgers, martens, otters, weasels, etc.
Subfamily Mustelinae Grisons, honey badgers, martens, tayra, weasels
	Martes foina intermedia	Liechtenstein	21 March 1989
	Martes foina intermedia	North Macedonia	02 October 2000
	Martes foina intermedia	Switzerland	21 March 1989
	Mustela altaica	Austria	02 February 2004
	Mustela altaica	Belgium	19 January 2001
	Mustela altaica	Czech Republic	05 August 2004
	Mustela altaica	Denmark	08 November 2000
	Mustela altaica	Estonia	23 November 2010
	Mustela altaica	Finland	15 November 2000
	Mustela altaica	France	31 October 2000
	Mustela altaica	Germany	12 April 2001
	Mustela altaica	Greece	25 May 2001
	Mustela altaica	Hungary	04 December 2012
	Mustela altaica	Ireland	31 October 2002
	Mustela altaica	Italy	13 June 2001
	Mustela altaica	Latvia	19 September 2011
	Mustela altaica	Liechtenstein	21 March 1989
	Mustela altaica	Luxembourg	26 January 2001
	Mustela altaica	Malta	14 January 2011
	Mustela altaica	Netherlands	18 July 2000
	Mustela altaica	Poland	04 October 2013
	Mustela altaica	Portugal	15 April 2002
	Mustela altaica	Slovakia	26 May 2004
	Mustela altaica	Spain	12 June 2001
	Mustela altaica	Sweden	09 April 2001
	Mustela altaica	Switzerland	21 March 1989
	Mustela altaica	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	11 August 2000
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Austria	02 February 2004
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Belgium	19 January 2001
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Czech Republic	05 August 2004
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Denmark	08 November 2000
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Estonia	23 November 2010
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Finland	15 November 2000
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	France	22 February 1990
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Germany	16 March 1989
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Greece	25 May 2001
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Hungary	04 December 2012
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Ireland	31 October 2002
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Italy	16 March 1989
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Latvia	19 September 2011
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Liechtenstein	21 March 1989
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Luxembourg	30 March 1989
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Malta	14 January 2011
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Netherlands	29 June 1989
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Poland	04 October 2013
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Portugal	28 July 1989
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Slovakia	26 May 2004
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Spain	24 May 1989
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Sweden	06 June 1997
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	Switzerland	21 March 1989
	Mustela erminea ferghanae	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	17 May 1989
	Mustela kathiah	Austria	02 February 2004
	Mustela kathiah	Belgium	19 January 2001
	Mustela kathiah	Czech Republic	05 August 2004
	Mustela kathiah	Denmark	08 November 2000
	Mustela kathiah	Estonia	23 November 2010
	Mustela kathiah	Finland	15 November 2000
	Mustela kathiah	France	31 October 2000
	Mustela kathiah	Germany	12 April 2001
	Mustela kathiah	Greece	25 May 2001
	Mustela kathiah	Hungary	04 December 2012
	Mustela kathiah	Ireland	31 October 2002
	Mustela kathiah	Italy	13 June 2001
	Mustela kathiah	Latvia	19 September 2011
	Mustela kathiah	Liechtenstein	21 March 1989
	Mustela kathiah	Luxembourg	26 January 2001
	Mustela kathiah	Malta	14 January 2011
	Mustela kathiah	Netherlands	18 July 2000
	Mustela kathiah	Poland	04 October 2013
	Mustela kathiah	Portugal	15 April 2002
	Mustela kathiah	Slovakia	26 May 2004
	Mustela kathiah	Spain	12 June 2001
	Mustela kathiah	Sweden	09 April 2001
	Mustela kathiah	Switzerland	21 March 1989
	Mustela kathiah	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	11 August 2000
	Mustela sibirica	Austria	02 February 2004
	Mustela sibirica	Belgium	19 January 2001
	Mustela sibirica	Czech Republic	05 August 2004
	Mustela sibirica	Denmark	08 November 2000
	Mustela sibirica	Estonia	23 November 2010
	Mustela sibirica	Finland	15 November 2000
	Mustela sibirica	France	31 October 2000
	Mustela sibirica	Germany	16 August 2000
	Mustela sibirica	Greece	25 May 2001
	Mustela sibirica	Hungary	04 December 2012
	Mustela sibirica	Ireland	31 October 2002
	Mustela sibirica	Italy	13 June 2001
	Mustela sibirica	Latvia	19 September 2011
	Mustela sibirica	Liechtenstein	21 March 1989
	Mustela sibirica	Luxembourg	26 January 2001
	Mustela sibirica	Malta	14 January 2011
	Mustela sibirica	Netherlands	18 July 2000
	Mustela sibirica	Poland	04 October 2013
	Mustela sibirica	Portugal	15 April 2002
	Mustela sibirica	Slovakia	26 May 2004
	Mustela sibirica	Spain	12 June 2001
	Mustela sibirica	Sweden	09 April 2001
	Mustela sibirica	Switzerland	21 March 1989
	Mustela sibirica	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	11 August 2000
Class Aves
Order Passeriformes
Family Alaudidae Larks
	Alauda arvensis [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Galerida cristata [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Lullula arborea [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Melanocorypha calandra [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
Family Emberizidae Cardinals, tanagers
	Emberiza citrinella [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Emberiza hortulana [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
Family Fringillidae Finches
	Carduelis cannabina [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Carduelis carduelis [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Carduelis flammea [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Carduelis hornemanni [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Carduelis spinus [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Carpodacus erythrinus [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Pyrrhula pyrrhula [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Serinus serinus [ Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
Family Muscicapidae Old-world flycatchers
	Erithacus rubecula [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Ficedula parva [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Hippolais icterina [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Luscinia luscinia [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Luscinia megarhynchos [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Luscinia svecica [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Monticola saxatilis [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Sylvia atricapilla [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Sylvia borin [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Sylvia curruca [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Sylvia nisoria [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Turdus merula [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
	Turdus philomelos [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
Family Oriolidae Orioles
	Oriolus oriolus [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
Family Paridae Tits
	Parus ater [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
Family Troglodytidae Wrens
	Troglodytes troglodytes [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
Class Reptilia
Order Sauria
Family Agamidae Spiny-tailed lizards, agamas
	Calotes ceylonensis [ (Sri Lanka) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and Montserrat and to Northern Ireland. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	02 March 2021
	Calotes desilvai [ (Sri Lanka) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and Montserrat and to Northern Ireland. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	02 March 2021
	Calotes liocephalus [ (Sri Lanka) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and Montserrat and to Northern Ireland. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	02 March 2021
	Calotes liolepis [ (Sri Lanka) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and Montserrat and to Northern Ireland. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	02 March 2021
	Calotes manamendrai [ (Sri Lanka) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and Montserrat and to Northern Ireland. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	02 March 2021
	Calotes nigrilabris [ (Sri Lanka) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and Montserrat and to Northern Ireland. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	02 March 2021
	Calotes pethiyagodai [ (Sri Lanka) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and Montserrat and to Northern Ireland. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	02 March 2021
	Ctenophorus spp. [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
	Intellagama spp. [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
	Tympanocryptis spp. [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
Family Eublepharidae Eyelid geckos
	Goniurosaurus kuroiwae ^#18 [ (Japan) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and Montserrat and to Northern Ireland. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	02 March 2021
	Goniurosaurus orientalis ^#18 [ (Japan) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and Montserrat and to Northern Ireland. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	02 March 2021
	Goniurosaurus sengokui ^#18 [ (Japan) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and Montserrat and to Northern Ireland. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	02 March 2021
	Goniurosaurus splendens ^#18 [ (Japan) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and Montserrat and to Northern Ireland. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	02 March 2021
	Goniurosaurus toyamai ^#18 [ (Japan) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and Montserrat and to Northern Ireland. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	02 March 2021
	Goniurosaurus yamashinae ^#18 [ (Japan) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and Montserrat and to Northern Ireland. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	02 March 2021
Family Gekkonidae Geckos
	Carphodactylus spp. [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
	Nephrurus spp. [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
	Orraya spp. [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
	Phyllurus spp. [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
	Saltuarius spp. [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
	Strophurus spp. [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
	Underwoodisaurus spp. [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
	Uvidicolus spp. [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
Family Scincidae Skinks
	Egernia spp. [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
	Tiliqua adelaidensis [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
	Tiliqua multifasciata [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
	Tiliqua nigrolutea [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
	Tiliqua occipitalis [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
	Tiliqua rugosa [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
	Tiliqua scincoides intermedia [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
	Tiliqua scincoides scincoides [ (Australia) This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
Order Testudines
Family Emydidae Box turtles, freshwater turtles
	Emys orbicularis [ (Population of Ukraine) (Ukraine) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021
Class Amphibia
Order Caudata
Family Salamandridae Newts and salamanders
	Echinotriton andersoni ^#18 [ (Japan) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and Montserrat and to Northern Ireland. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	02 March 2021
Class Actinopteri (FISHES)
Order Perciformes
Family Pomacanthidae Angelfishes
	Holacanthus limbaughi [ (France) (This reservation applies to the United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and Montserrat.) ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	30 June 2022
Kingdom FLORA (Plants)
Family Palmae (Arecaceae) Palms
	Lodoicea maldivica ^#13 [ (Seychelles) This reservation applies to Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Jersey and to Montserrat. ]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	22 June 2021

With respect to the update of “the references to the Resolutions mentioned in annotation 2 relating to the populations of Loxodonta africana in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe”
Botswana
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Eswatini
Namibia
South Africa
United Republic of Tanzania
Zambia
Zimbabwe

²Populations of Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe (listed in Appendix II):

For the exclusive purpose of allowing:

trade in hunting trophies for non-commercial purposes;
trade in live animals to appropriate and acceptable destinations, as defined in Resolution Conf. 11.20 (Rev. CoP18), for Botswana and Zimbabwe and for in situ conservation programmes for Namibia and South Africa;
trade in hides;
trade in hair;
trade in leather goods for commercial or non-commercial purposes for Botswana, Namibia and South Africa and for non-commercial purposes for Zimbabwe;
trade in individually marked and certified ekipas incorporated in finished jewellery for non-commercial purposes for Namibia and ivory carvings for non-commercial purposes for Zimbabwe;
trade in registered raw ivory (for Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe, whole tusks and pieces) subject to the following:
1. only registered government-owned stocks, originating in the State (excluding seized ivory and ivory of unknown origin);
2. only to trading partners that have been verified by the Secretariat, in consultation with the Standing Committee, to have sufficient national legislation and domestic trade controls to ensure that the imported ivory will not be re-exported and will be managed in accordance with all requirements of Resolution Conf. 10.10 (Rev. CoP18) concerning domestic manufacturing and trade;
3. not before the Secretariat has verified the prospective importing countries and the registered government-owned stocks;
4. raw ivory pursuant to the conditional sale of registered government-owned ivory stocks agreed at CoP12, which are 20,000 kg (Botswana), 10,000 kg (Namibia) and 30,000 kg (South Africa);
5. in addition to the quantities agreed at CoP12, government-owned ivory from Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe registered by 31 January 2007 and verified by the Secretariat may be traded and despatched, with the ivory in paragraph g) iv) above, in a single sale per destination under strict supervision of the Secretariat;
6. the proceeds of the trade are used exclusively for elephant conservation and community conservation and development programmes within or adjacent to the elephant range; and
7. the additional quantities specified in paragraph g) v) above shall be traded only after the Standing Committee has agreed that the above conditions have been met; and
No further proposals to allow trade in elephant ivory from populations already in Appendix II shall be submitted to the Conference of the Parties for the period from CoP14 and ending nine years from the date of the single sale of ivory that is to take place in accordance with provisions in paragraphs g) i), g) ii), g) iii), g) vi) and g) vii). In addition, such further proposals shall be dealt with in accordance with Decisions 16.55 and 14.78 (Rev. CoP16).

On a proposal from the Secretariat, the Standing Committee can decide to cause this trade to cease partially or completely in the event of non-compliance by exporting or importing countries, or in the case of proven detrimental impacts of the trade on other elephant populations.

All other specimens shall be deemed to be specimens of species included in Appendix I and the trade in them shall be regulated accordingly.